Surveying instrument.



J. BARBOW. SURVEYING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3, 1909.

Patented May 9, 1911.

3 SHEET.SSHBBT 1.

, INVEIVIOR Joseph ,Bwrbvw.

9 J. BARBOW. 9 SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3, 1909. V I

Patented May 9, 1911.

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J. BARB OW. SURVEYING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 81.19091 Patnted Ma '9', 1911.

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UNITED T E PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BARBOW, OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

siding at Portland,.in the. county of Multno'mah and State of Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 1n.

Surveying Instrlnnents, of whicln'the folf lowin 'is as )eciticatiom My invention relates 'to certain new and useful improvements in surveying instruments, and it particularly seelts to provide .a siniple 'and compact instrument, particupoint of mean-height.

Myinvcntion also has. for ItS ObjCCb tolarlyltdztpted'jfor loggers use in surveying standing" tnnberand thel1ke,'and 111 ts generic nature the nvent on compr1ses an 111- .st-rumeiit having'a eompas a gravity operatedindica'tor for indi .iting angles of ele-' ration and deprc "1011, a. log division coiip-- crating with the j indicator, a reading mirror, a pair of'sights and afolding scale for the purpose' of '(letermining themnnbcr of logs in'att-ree and the diameterof the tree at the providean instrument embracing 111a single device the various parts and elements iliejcessary in determining the contents of standing; timber and compassing in the I forest.

- In my. invention'ineans are also provided for determii'nng' a t a glance the number-of logs in a standing tree, and means are also provided whereby the scales may be read by the operator while sighting with the instrug in-a mirror provided to reflect the smile and give a new theret'if tothe oixirator,'-regardless'of his" position, within certain limits.

h![y111\-'ent1on also includes a. scale or raiscd circle divided into quadrants and graduated in degrees from 0 to 90 each way, cardinal letters being provided on said circle and a conspicuous pomtcr is provided at-each of said letters. The letters E and \V are reversed-and the nn'i'ation turned and set to accord with the par ti'cular localityin which the instrument is to be used. The inner cdge of the raised circleis graduated to harmonize with the-1 several corners bonndmg a section.

Myi1'1vcnti'on' also includes a needle lifter to automatically dampen the needle when the instrument is'close'd, oi-at the will of the.

operator, and italso includes means for preventing'the needle-lifter from sticking or adhering in its upw'ard position when it should be downward, The needle lifter Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed June 3, 1909. Serial No.499,947.

SURVEYING msrIwMmrr.

. Patented May 9, 191i.

. serves both as a lock for the compass needle and for the indicator when the instrument is not in use. 7

My inreiitio1ralso includes thosenovel details of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, all of.which will be first described in detail, then be specifically pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,- in which:-

Figure l is a perspective View" of my i11- vcntion. the cover or lid being partly .open. Fig. 2, is a plan view thereof. Fig. 3, is an enlarged sectional perspective view of my instrument. Figs. l and 5, are (let-ail sec-- tionshcreafter referred to. Fig. (5, is a detail \iOW o'f thc sights. Fig. 7, is a diagrammatic View illustrating the manner of determining; the height of a tree expressed in number of 16 feet logs. Fig. 8, is a similar View illustrating the manner of determiningthe diameter of a tree. Figs. 9. 9 and 9", are diagrannuatic views illustrating the application of my invention when the base line is not directly determinable.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings .in which like letters and numerals "of reference indicate like partsin all of the figures 1 represents the compass box to .which a lid 2 is hinged at 3, the lid 2 being rccesse: at- 3 to receive a mirror 4. The lid is-alsoi recessed at 3" and 3" to receive the ioldmg sight scale 8. A latch 5-5 serves to hold thelid shut when the instrmnent is not .111 use.

At one corncrthe box Ihas a sight plate (3 which has a slot. (5 whose edge (1 lics in the same plaueas that. of the surface'l of the box so that such box surface 1 may be used as a straight sigghtinc edge in the practical application of my invention; 'A- second sight 7 is placed on the lid corner opposite the box corner which contains the sight 6. while a scale 8 1s hmgcdat 8 to the sight fi to cooperate w1th the sights 6 and 'Z'in deter-- mining the width of;a.tree. The scale 8 is .7

graduated in hundredths of an inch to correspond with the width of a tree 1n inches.

The boxl has a pocket havmg a seat 9 on which'a ring-like scale plate 1.0 is secured.

The plate IOis graduated at 10 into degrees running from zero to degrees in each quadrant.

) I I The cardinal points-north; south, east and west are 1nd1cated bv the. respective letters N. S, EPfnn'd.

\V as at lO- and are also provided .wvith in Figs. 1 nd 2e: th' V has its variations" turned off uated on its inner edge' at 1Q to harmonize with the several corners bounding a section hereinafter explained.- -The indicating letter E i indicatilgfiypg?45 angle, corresponds ea les 10* 10 1s-19, is a,

/13--13"'to receive the pin 12,'such bearing and an indicating pointer 13,vtl1e pointer v that is held torbe engagedby the lid 2 when closed to liftthe needle 16 olf the in 12 I The instrumental-may carried 'about by pose hereimifter' made clear.

7251 -25 running respectively due north and south and due {east and west; The scale 25 ,say the letter E as iiidicated" at2Q ih the :drawings on the scale 25 to d?ignate the. 45

f D respectively serve to'rcnde'r the indieating marks 6 and 8 distinctive.

forked bearing eyes 13 13" of tlurpe'ndu- 25 are individually reyersedf to read 'cor- .rectly In the mirror/1."

15.01 a indica ng' mil-ks the particular localit. which the instruinent-is-to be used. he scale 10 is als'o'grad- The ocket 11 of the box -1'has its bottom covere 'by ajsc'alev-plate :25 having lines is also graduated in; logs 'as at l9, running from 0 to 6 ,1 and 'as' at 18- running rom 1. to '12, I also provide a letter,

degree angle and another lett say the letter D indicated at 21 i the drawings to designatean angle of 53? 08 fora purpose to the scale line i ,of the scale 18 and the let-- ter D 'cor ponds'to'the indicatin line 8 of Y the scale 18, which letters, E ahd On a pin 12 projectingthrough the bottom. of the box and concentric-with the endulum '13 having a. pair of forked bearing membersmembers being formed atone end of the pendulum 13, while a weight 13 is provided at the other end thereof to ridein a groove '17 cut into the seat 9 beneath the scale plate 10. The pendulum l3-also has-an eye 13 and hold it against the glass coyer p ate 26 that is-held over the pocket. 11 of the box 1 by a spring lockin' wire 26 as clearly shown in "Figs. 4 and 5o the drawings.

a non-elastic cordf23-se'eured to e es22 a'nd' the cord 23 is knotted 'at 235fat a is'tunce of 12. inches from-the'box I-or sight for a parlt'is to benoted that the east and 'west? marks 10' Fig. 2, of the drawings, are reversed on the scale .10 from'theusual position they assume on scales of this type. The numbers and letters on the scale'plate Byfprov iding the endulum 13 with be wardly- .into the lifter held in the ings 13v-13 to-stra' dle the needle litter the weight'of the pendulum 13 will alw: serve to force the n edle' lifter ilf fldy 'ition shown iii; -Fi' when the lidi pen and prevent sti'c (i thereof, set the needle lti'will' have f: movement/ irthe pin-12, The needle lif serves hot 1 as a stop forthe compass nee -and 'for the weighted indicator member wt the instrumentis not in use as the eel V osition indicated Fig. 5,- to hold the'nee le 16 and the en lum men'iber 13 tightly, against the g ass and prevent'them moving around when t lid of the boxis closed.

" Havingthusbri'tly; described the eonstn tion of my invention I'will now proceed make its practical application clear; Sr

.pose it isdesired to estimate thenumber -16 feet logs in"a-"tree. The operator pm loll' a distance of 1S-double paces from t tree (tltifeet) to give a base line, Locati "his eye atthe 'end of such base line, he sigl tlu'ough the sight-aperture 6 of sight along the edgezl'f of the case 1 to the top the tree and reads the indication of the r -,dulum-pointer13 on the longscale 1 8, w 1i gives hnn directly the number of logs in t treeabove the horizontal baseline. (E

llig. ;7;)' in practice the baseline. is alwa ,taken horizontally and preferably at a heig equal to the heightofthe stump. SllOl; the base line be taken above the hei ht of t stumptheoperator will then SlgTlt dow wardly to the'top of the stmnp'and obta a reading on the scale 1!), which, when add to that of the scale 18 will give the tow number-of logs in the tree. 7

" To obtainthe mean or other diameter the. treeso that the amount of timber in t tree may be estimated, or for any other pi pose, the operator opens the sea 8 to cut the recess 3" of the-lid 2 to bring the sigl 6' and 7 into operative relation to o 'another.-"1hen by. standing at the sax point 18- paces-from the tree and llUldll the cord 23 with the knot; 23 at the eye a1 sighting between thesights 6 and 7, closh the lid 2 to bring the sights 6 and 7 into a Harent contact with the sides'of the tree, t iameteif'of the tree at the; desired poi may be read off the scale. For 'examp suppose the scale reading to be 0.40,-the

'Jameter ojf-the tree will 4.0 inches, c This readingon the scale"8 iwill 'be foul n'eeise enough for all trees containing jn more than four'log's, but where the tree co tains more'tha n' four logsa certain corn --tion of the reading must be made. Thecc rections -necessa'r' have; been determin yfro'm'praetice an will be foundin Barbov bookleton -1"ree Scale and Seat-ion Diagra:

copyrighted1909,'hereinafter again refern to. In estimating thehmnber. of'lo gs in tree it is not always convenient to pace 01f the base line'owing to the inaccessibility of the trees or for other reasons. In that case (see Figs. '9, '9 and 9") the heightof tree in .5 logs, or in feetmay be had by sighting through the sight 6 along the casing edge 1 and holding the instrument with the edge 1 at an angle of 45, to the horizontal, and thenjwalking towardor from the tree as lbmay be necessary tofocusthesight. The angle of 45 may be found by permitting the water 13 of the pendulum 13 to rest at the indicationletter E (see Fig. 9?). The operator then walks straight toward the tree, 915 still sighting for the top, until the pointer 13 registers with the letter D on the scale (see ig. 9") when. the straight edge will be at an angle'of 53 8 'to the horizontal and the distance covered '-E+Dl on the base '20 lineA-E (see Fig.9) will be equal to onefourththe total length of the base line, or in other wordsE-D equals one-fourth 'of E--A thus should E-D be found to be 5.0, feet for example, A-E will be200 feet and 25 as A-E equals A-O- (see Fig. 9) the tree .will be found to be 200 feet high and thus .it is easy to determine the number of logs by simply dividing such number of feet by 16. The numberof logs found in the tree will be'12-}.. In a like manner the height of other objects'may' be determined as well as horizontal distances. My invention is particularly designedfor use in connection with a booklet published by me in 1909 known as Barbows booklet in Tree Scale (ind Section Diagram (copyrighted .1909) wherein numerous tables are given for use in connection with myinstrumeiit whereby its use is largely extended and 40 wherein may be found the necessary data for correcting any variations in the direct reading of the scales. Slight changes'in the details of construc- "tion may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims. "From the foregoing description taken in connection vwith the accompanying draw-. ings'it' is thought the complete construction, '50 operation and numerous advantages of my invention will be. readilyimderstood. I

'WhatIclaiin is: I v 11-.- In an instrumcntof the character de-' I scribed, a box, a pendulum indicator mount- 5 ed within the box. a numerical scale cm operating with said pendulum im'lica-tor, said scale having letters adjacent to prede- .termined parts of said num'crical scale to accentuate said predetermined parts of said 6Q;.iiumcrical scale, said box having a lid and a mirror earriedby said lid to reflect said iiidicator and said .scale. p V 2. In an instrument of the character dcscribed, a box, a pendulum indicator mountclosed.

v lifterinounted within Cd. ll l llll the box, a numerical scale, and a lcttere'd scale cooperatingwith said pendulum indicator, and with said numerical scale pendulum indicator and scales, and' means ope ated by said lid "preventing movement of said 3. In an instrument ofthe character stated, a pivot pin,'a pendulumfindlcato'r pendulum indicatorivhe i said lid is i mounted on. said pin, a coinpass needle;

mounted on said pin, and means for holding said llitllCtltOr-tllltl able at times.

box 'having chamber, a pendulu'n'i indicator having a bearing portion mounted on said pin, a compass needle mounted on said pin, saidbox' having a lid, and means controlled by said lid for holding said indicator and compass needle immovable when the'lid is-clos'ed'.

compass needle iinmov- I so 4. .k'survevin instrument coin )risin" a u l 1 .4 e achainber, a pivot p n in said A surveying instrument comprising it .box having a chamber,- a pivotp'in in said a pendulum ind cator having a. bearing portion mounted on said pin, a conichamber,

pass needle mounted on said pin, 'saidbox having a lid, means controlled by'said lid for holding said indicator and com )ass needle immovable when the named imeans comprising a jlifterhaving an aperl urc to permit passage of said pin, and engaging the bearing of said pendulum 11ndicator to move saidpendulum"indicator into eng nigcmcnt with said compass needle;

6. A surveying instrument comprising a compass box, a compass needle and a-pcn-,

dulum mounted within said box, said' box having a lid. a mirror mounted on thelid' oi. the box for reflecting said pcnduluui,-a'

lifter mounted within said box. to coiiperate with said pendulum and said compass, and means movable by the lid ofsaid box for operating said lifter to move said pendulum into cnga'gen'icnt .with said compass needle to hold said needle and said pendulum iin-'- movable.

lid is close 'said last" 7. A surveying instrument. including a box, a bearingpin-mounted in said box; a

pendulum mounted on said bearing pin.

scalesto coiipcratc with said pendulum, said box having a lid. a mirror mounted onsaid' lid .to. reflect said scales and pendull'un, a saiid box, and means jniovablc by the. lid of.- V

a a. mg. said lifter tolio'ld movable when the box lid; is oloscdl 8. l-\ surveying instrument including a box, a bearing pin mounted in said-box, a pcl'ldu'luin mounted on. said bearing pin,

scales coi'iperatiinr with said pendulum said box having-a -li( a lifter mounted within said box, and means movable by the lid of said box foroperating-saidlitter to .hold

box fol" operatsa d pendulum im- 40 particular place and the distance ofsuch particular place from the ground may be said pendulum immovable when the box lid isclosedp I In an instrument of the class described,

abox having a lidand astraight edge, a

5 pairof sights, oneof which is mounted on said box and the other is mounted in said lid, a foldable scale carried by one of said sightsand coiiperating with the other sight,

' a graduated. scale w thin said box "and a pendulum indicator coiiperatmg with said graduated scale, substantiallyas shown and described. Y v p 10. In an instrument of the-character stated, a' log scale and a gravity--':n:tuated indicator coiiperating therewith, a box in which the aforesaid parts'are lll()ltllt(! l,5tll(.l

box having a straight. edge amt a slotted scale plate mounted on the end of" sand box through'which sighting may take place along said straight edge.-

11..'In an instrument of the character stated, a boxhaving a lid' and a-straight edge, a sighting.platesualrtal tor "rid box adjacent to 'said straight edge,,,a second sight secured to the lidjsto coiipera teowith said-sightingplate, a scale hiugeddtosaid sighting [)ltlttLSilltlEltitilltl sight baring a cut-away JOl'tlOll to receive said scale'to co operate therewith;substantially as shown and described.

12. In an instrument:- of the character stated, a log scale and a gravity actuated indicator eotiperati'ng therewith, abox in which th e'aforesaid parts are mounted, said 35.- box having a straight edge and'a lid, a-si'ght carried by sald lid, a sight carried by saidbox adjacent tosaid straight edge, and a scale eoiiperatiug with said sights, all being arranged that the diameter of a tree at a substantially simultaneously observed.-

.13. In an: instrument of the character stated, a box having a chamber, a pivot pin 5 projecting into said'chamber, a pendulum aving a bearing pierced by said pin, a comass needle mounted on said p1n,'a needle ifter for raising said compass needle otf of sald'pm, said box havlng'a 11d, and means.

to controlled by 'said lid, for op'er'ating said needle lifter to'lift the'needle when the'lid is closed and hold said pendulum immovable.

14. 'In an instrument" of the character stated,.a box haying-eehamber, a. pivot pin projecting intoasaidchamber, a pendulum- .having a bearing piereedbyvsaid pin, a.eom.-"

.pass needle mounted on said pin, a needle lifter for raising said compass needle oil of said pin, sa'id'box having a lid-{means c trolled by said lid for operating saidaned le lifter to lift ithe needle when the li is closeddneans' for restoring said needle lifter to its initial position to disengage'thecom-' pass needle when the lid is opened, said last named means comprising a forked member carried by said pendulum between the-"arms of which said needle lifter. projects and scales cooperating with said compass needle and with said pendulum. 4

15. In an instrument of the character stated, a box having a chamber, a pin projecting therein, a gravit'y actuated indicating pendulum having a, forked bearing pierced by said pin and provided with a pointer, a scale cotiperating with said pointer, a compass mounted 0n.said pin, a

lifter mounted within the box, and projecting between the arms of'the forked bearing member of said pendulum to lift said pendulum' into engagement with said" needle to hold said needle and pendulptn immovablelat times; substantially as shown and V describeth e V llirlll. an instrument of the character 'WilLll the lid is closed to raise said forked bearing into engagement with. said needleto hold said pendulum and the needle imn'iovable. 7 l T. I

17. A surveying instrnnient consisting-of :a box having a lid aud a straight edge, a pair of sights, one of which 18 prov ded with -a sighting slot and mounted on said box,

and, the other being mounted on said lid, a

folt tablescale cotiperating with said sights,

a bearing pin mpunted within'sa'id box, a I

gravity actuated pendulum having bearing to engage said pm and having apoiuter, scales coiiperatmg w th sa d pointer, and a mirror carried bysaid lid. 

